GLOBAL WIRELESS E-VOTING
ABSTRACT
In the era of modern technology, the voting machine, which is present today, is highly unsecured. Generally in India we are using a highly unsecure voting machine which is Electronic voting machine . The present electronic voting machine(EVM) is not so intelligent that it will determine whether the candidate is eligible or not and the whole control of voting processor is kept in the hand of voting in charge officer.One of the major problem with the present voting machine is that any body can increase or decrease the vote count in the machine , since the count is present in the voting machine itself.
In proposed machine that is "Global Wireless E-Voting ", the machine is made so intelligent which can determine the eligibility of the voters by scanning their eye or finger print pattern and the most important advantage of proposed machine is that the vote count is not kept into the same machine itself instead of it, it is store in the remote server by converting it into radio waves. So there is no chance of increasing the vote count of machine. Even in case of damage or defect to polling booth’s voting machine there will no effect on the voting process as the casted vote is saved in the remote server. It is very secure voting process.
INTRODUCTION
Now a days voting system is replaced by electronic machine to carry out voting process in india and many countries . Now in a present system each and every section is given an electronic machine which stores the votes of the people they casted. Control of whole system is kept in the hand of booth in charge officer. He only check for the eligibility of the candidates and allow people for the voting. Finally we collect all the voting machine at a place and go for counting process . After voting if any technical problems or damage occurs with the machines it may leads to the re election. The machine is not able to recognize the eligibility of a candidate, so the corrupted officers may misguide the people. The corrupted officers may hamper the count of the voting machine . This system is not a cost effective also. Since we need security, in charge officers, secured place for counting and election place. The person from any other region cannot vote in for a candidate of other region. The voting take place where the machine is located.In newly proposed system i.e in GLOBAL WIRELESS E-VOTING we are using a electronic circuit which enables the voter to caste their vote and by converting this vote into radio signal it is send to the remote server through the mobile tower. This machine can check the presence and eligibility of voter so there is no any chance of corruption in voting process. There is no need to go for the re-election process even if the machine is damaged or failure . A person even can vote from a his mobile system and also from Internet .
Since India is one of the largest democracy in the world and voting is an important part of democracy. So Voting system is the vital process in country like India. So to make it efficient and secured in the vision of modern technology we are “Global Wireless E-Voting”.
WHY WE ARE LOOKING FOR NEW TECHNIQUE?
To know why we are looking for new technique we have to know the presentsystem and its major disadvantages :
PRESENT SYSTEM
Since latest voting system is totally replaced by electronic machine( specially inIndia )to carry out voting . Now in a present system each and every section is given
an electronic voting machine which stores the votes of the people how have voted
for the particular candidate. The whole control is kept on the hand of booth in charge
officer. Eligibility of the candidates can be checked by the In charge officer and
allow for the voting. Finally we receive all the voting machine at a place and go for
counting.
DISADVANTAGES OF PRESENT SYSTEM
❖ In the present system, as the votes casted will be stored in the machine itself, if the machine gets damaged the votes stored till then will be lost.❖ The machine will not check for the eligibility of the candidate, as there is no technology available till now .Voting in-charge officer will take care of those kinds of issues.
❖ If the officer is a corrupted one, he may increase the count of voting and he may also destroy the machine.
❖ This system is expensive as we need large number officers ,security person , secured place for counting and for election to be carried out.
❖ It needs nearly 5 million man power to conduct voting in India.
❖ The body of voters exceeds 605 million and voting is done in nearly 800,000 polling booths
❖ The voter can‟t vote from the place where he is. He has to go to his respective constituency to cast his vote.
PROPOSED SYSTEM i.e GLOBAL WIRELESS E-VOTING
❖ In our system we trying to keep counting of votes in to a remote secured system.❖ In this system we are using a electronic circuit which enable the voter to vote and transfer this vote to the remote system by converting it to radio wave through the mobile towers.
❖ Our machine can check the eligibility of the candidate by scanning their eye or fingerprint , so there is no question of corruption. Machine itself is automated to check the eligibility of the candidates.
❖ Here we need not to go for the re election even if the machine is damaged.
❖ We can vote from any where even though being a voter of another region.
❖ A person even can vote from a mobile system and also from Internet.
❖ Rural people or illiterate people can also vote through this system easily as there is no difficulty in casting our vote.
REQUIREMENTS IN E-VOTING
A voting system should satisfy these requirements.❖ Eligibility and authentication – only registered voters must be admitted to caste vote.
❖ Uniqueness – single voter should caste only single vote.
❖ Accuracy – voting systems should record the votes correctly.
❖ Verifiability and audit ability – it should be possible to verify that all votes
have been correctly accounted for in the final tally, and there should be
reliable and verifiably authentic election records.
❖ Secrecy – no one should be able to determine how any individual voted.
❖ Non-coerciability – voters should not be able to prove to others how they
voted, otherwise vote selling and coercion would be facilitated.
❖ Minimum skill requirement for voter
❖ Minimal requirement of equipment
❖ Minimum Time required for vote
DETAILED DIAGRAM OF THE “GLOBAL WIRELESS E-VOTING” ELECTION PROCESS
In the proposed i.e ‘global wireless E-voting’ system, machine will produces dissimilar voltages for various kinds of votes and these voltages are given as input to the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC),and ADC will converts those analog signals to digital bits and then they can be converted to radio waves using interface device. Then those waves are send to the mobile towers and and then to the remote server.Below figure explain the process of voting:-
Explanation of the numbers in the above diagram is as follows:
1. Radio waves from the interface device are transmitted to the mobile tower. Those transmitted waves consist of scanned retina pattern and the vote casted by particular voter.
2. Radio waves are being transmitted from the mobile tower to the remote server.
3. Positive or negative acknowledgement is being transmitted from the server side
to mobile tower by checking the status in its data base .
4. Positive or negative acknowledgement is being transmitted from mobile tower to
Interface device in the booth.
5. Ready signal will be generated if the retina is scanned appropriately to voting
machine. If not so, negative signal will be generated then alert alarm will be
activated.
6. Acknowledged vote is prepared to rivulet to the interface device.
Interface Device
This is an electronic device which converts the input digital signals such as (retina
pattern votes and secure bits) to radio waves.
Scanning of Eye Retina
The eye retina scanner is an electronic device that scans the voter’s eye retina pattern.The captured figure has to be converted in to the structure of a matrix where it
comprises of pixels, where each pixel corresponds to a 24-bit (RGB,8+8+8 format).
WORKING OF THE WHOLE SYSTEM
In the global wireless e-voting system there will be two possible of voting.
1. Voter can cast his vote with his mobile device, wherever he wants. But themobile device should have internet connection and also a retina scanner.
2. voter has to go to the voting (poling) booth, to cast his vote. Subsistence of
this process is because every voter won’t have a mobile device with internet
connection and even if he has Internet connection he should also must have a
retina scanner. Hence to help the uneducated voters to cast their votes, we
come for this process.
In this process, The voting will be done in 4 steps which are
as follows:
step1: In 1st step when person enter into the polling booth he must scan their retina
by the retina scanning machine available there. When users look into retina
scanner it will scan the retina and capture the image effectively. The capture
image will be represented in the form of a matrix where each pixel represents
24-bit (RGB,8+8+8 format. Once the scanning was confirmed then the machine sends a signal to the voting machine and then the voting machine is turned on, until then it will be turned off. When the voting machine is turned on, voter is allowed to cast his vote.
step2:when the voter caste his vote to the particular candidate , the voltage generator circuitries generate the voltage these voltage send to the A to D (Analog to digital) convertor. It will generate the digital bit pattern.
step3: In the 3rd step output of interface device, Once casting of the vote is completed, the total information together with the scanned retina pattern, security bit and the vote is sent to the interfacing device which converts them into radio waves of mobile frequency range and these are send to nearby cellular phone tower and then to the remote server.
where the authentication and voters identification is stored into a secured database. The received data is first converted into digital format from the radio waves through the interface device kept the server side, and then retina pattern and vote separated.
step4: Next the retina pattern is matched against the existing database, If match is found then flag is check which indicates its voting status . if voter is not voted before then the positive acknowledgment generated and send to the client end machine telling him that the vote he casted is valid and it is counted. There will be count variable which will be incremented to one, if the voter votes for the first time.
If the voter tries to vote for the second time or the details of the voter are not valid then it sends a negative acknowledgement, which will rings an alarm system .With that alarm system the voting in-charge officer will take necessary actions on the fraud voters. In this way the total voting process goes on.
block diagram of client side circuit
DIFFICULTIES OR HURDEL IN THE PATH OF IMPLEMENTATION OF “GLOBAL WIRELESS E-VOTING” TECHNIQUE
Along with lots of merits, this technique also have some hurdles which we have to come out. We have found that this method of voting is really time efficient and reduces the efforts of the voter. But coming to the floor of implementing it, we may face some problems related to❖ Security
❖ Efficiency
❖ Geographical Problems
We may apply following techniques to overcome these problems:-
1. Security
When the any voter casts there vote, the vote and the retina pattern together is converted into the radio waves and then it has to be send to the server end. But in the process of transmission, there may be problems like signals is trapped by an attacker and he can hamper the vote count in between . As the votes is going to saved in the databases, Attackers can crack the security levels of the database and can know the results of the voting before official announcement .To avoid these type of problems, we adopt secured and complex encryption algorithms at the client side and the respective decryption algorithms at the server side. We also have to give high security to the databases so that the attacker can’t directally crack the database. For this we use an encryption algorithm.
The encryption algorithm can be termed as Key Complex Algorithm, which is as follows,
➢ Take a string which you want to provide encryption.
➢ Determine the string length and produce random numbers equivalent to the string size.
➢ Generate the ASCII values for that string.
➢ Add the randomly generated numbers with the respective ASCII values.
➢ Generate the ASCII characters for those added values and the randomly generated numbers.
➢ place them alternatively.
example showing key complex algorithm :
let the given string be :- GOVIND
The given string has length 6,hence we have to generate 6 random numbers
Let the numbers are:
33 35 37 40 43 42 ------------------- (i)
The ASCII values for GOVIND are
G O V I N D
71 7 9 86 73 78 68 ----------------- (ii)
Add equation (i) and (ii)
33+71, 35+79 , 37+86 , 40+73 , 43+78 , 42+68
104 114 123 113 121 110
The parallel ASCII characters for the above are:
h r { q y n
The below are the ASCII characters for those respective random values
! # % ( + *
Finally encrypted data as :
h ! r # { % q ( y + n *
The ultimate encrypted information is arranged in such a way that the unsystematic information at the even places and the remaining at odd places. This is done to make the decryption much easy. The encrypted data can be decrypted simply by taking away the characters at even position from odd position character. In this way the algorithm can be implemented.
2. Efficiency
Whenever the data is sent from the voter (client) side, it is in the large amount, this delays a bit a voting system and the data that is received at server side is in the multiple access mode i.e more than one client is sending the data . To over come this problem we can use following :-
1. Applying compression Algorithms at the Client and server side so that to decrease the data transfer. Compression technique like jpeg, gif etc compressions .
2. Instead of using single server PC we will go for distributed Operating system environment with multiple servers. This makes the job sharing and processing faster which leads to fast responds in case of Multiple Access Environment
3. To solve the concurrency problem in case of Multiple access environment we will use CDMA technique which is as follow
Here the key values are orthogonal to each other i.e. k1*k2=0 and k1*k1=1 i.e. if any tries to decode the information with any other key the data will be vanished as the data will be in the form d1*k1.If you try to decode with K2 then effect will be as d1*k1*k2=0. This will vanish the data. And if correct decoding key i.e k1 is used then decoding will be d1*k1*k1=d1. This decodes the data correctly. As per the controlling concurrency for multiple access the data from all the nodes is accepted as k1*d1+k2*d2 +k3*d3+k4*d4.In this case if you want the data corresponding to the second node then simply multiply the whole equation with the k2.
This will give d2 as (k1*d1+K2*d2 +k3*d3+k4*d4)*K2=d2. So by this we can show that any numbers of nodes are allowed to send the data, the server will accept all the data and which ever has to be extracted will be just multiplied with corresponding key. This gets the corresponding data. Hence the concept of Multiple access.
3.geographical problems
There will be few areas where we can’t find internet services and mobile tower facilities .In such areas people will have to face the difficulties in casting their vote. In order to the overcome this problem it can be made to translate the casted vote and the eye retina pattern of the voter into electrical signals till the area where the appropriate facilities are found. If there is only internet service available in the area then the electronic signals generated has to be converted into the digital signals and then the votes will be casted. This is also an advantage with the system. We have many people being settled in other countries. Their vote should also be casted and therefore this can be done but through the mobile.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
The project can be enhanced to work in mobiles through SMS. With this method we can increase the percentage of voting. But for its implementation security becomes a problem which has to be overcome with the proper secured methods. Here when the voter casts his vote we can provide the voter with a printed paper containing the details of the vote that he has casted. With this printed paper we can reduce the fraudulent actions that can takes place.CONCLUSION
With global wireless E-voting method of voting process we can increase the percentage of voting in country like India and also in other countries . This machine can be used for any level voting purpose. The machine provides high level of security, authentication, reliability, and corruption -free mechanism .By this we can get result within minute after a completion of voting.. Minimum manpower is require in this process.REFERENCES
[1] http://catchupdates.com/thanks-for-subscribing/[2] http://www.seminarsonly.com/Labels/Global_Wireless_E-Voting.php
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